• Pelvic tilt doesn’t tell us anything about muscle balance
• Pelvises are not symmetrical
• We can’t measure Pelvic tilt by hand even though we think we can
• 80% of pain-free people have Anterior Pelvic tilt
• Anterior Pelvic tilt is not associated with low back pain

You can find the link to the PDF of the lecture slides HERE.

• Adductor Magnus is a powerful hip extensor, and not a bad flexor
• Piriformis is also an internal rotator
• Pec major flexes AND extends the shoulder

• Anatomy & causes of radicular pain and radiculopathy
• Prognosis and treatments
• What guideline-based care looks like

• The theory of shoulder impingement
• What the research tells us
• How you can help your clients with shoulder pain
• Communication with clients and allied health practitioners around the diagnosis of shoulder impingement

You can find the PDF of the lecture slides including links to the research HERE.

• Anatomy of the shoulder joint
• How to visualise anatomy as a picture, rather than a list of fancy Latin words
• Actions of the rotator cuff muscles
• Role of the rotator cable

• Factors influencing squat biomechanics
• Are weak glutes to blame for knees going in (valgus)?
• The mechanism of ACL injury in athletes
• Components of skilled movement

Resources mentioned during the session:

• Knee valgus in squatting does not predict future ACL injury here
• People with knee osteoarthritis have more cartilage degeneration on the medial knee compartment, regardless of valgus or varus alignment here
• Women have more knee abduction in weight-bearing activities here
• Conflicting and poor quality evidence of a relationship between hip muscle strength and knee valgus here and here
• Less ankle dorsiflexion is associated with more knee valgus here
• Paralyzing the gluteus medius doesn’t change the Trendelenburg test here
• The ITB stores elastic energy during running here
• Humans make near-optimal adjustments of control to initial body configuration in vertical squat jumping here

• Squat biomechanics: How far should you lean forwards?
• We look at how the Pelvic Morphology (Acetabulum + Femoral Neck Design) ascertain your squat depth and shape.
• Raph discusses the relationship between your centre of mass (COM), torso position and squat depth.
• We look at genetic inheritance and how that changes your squat depth and overall shape.
• We get out some slides to show why people don’t all squat the same (Acetabulum Angle + Femoral Neck Angles / Length)
• Children vs Adults (Head Size Proportion) and its relation to COM.
• Do yogi’s have more hip problems from deep squats?
• We look at applying external cueing to deep squats taking into consideration everyone’s different pelvic shape rather than going to deep into technique.
• There’s a great discussion at the end surrounding building progressive load tolerance and the relationship between spinal alignment and injury.

Resources mentioned in this session:

• Anatomy of the External Obliques
• Obliques and Rotation
• Obliques and Side Bending
• Anatomy of the Internal Obliques
• Muscle fibre orientation

• What is Diastasis Recti?
• The Anatomy of the Rectus Abdominis / Transversus Abdominis / Rectus Sheath
• What is the Linea Alba?
• True ribs, False ribs, and Floating Ribs
• Is there an abdominal exercise that’s best?
• Does the likelihood of diastasis increase with multiple pregnancies?
• Why do we consider diastasis to be a problem?

• Exercise-related muscle cramps – what causes them and is there anything we can do to help?
• Gym-related injuries – why aren’t certain exercises such as a chin-up with the bar behind the head done anymore? Is it related to injury? Is it related to shearing on the tendon?
• Can exercise help reduce discomfort or size of a bursitis?